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Guy de Chauliac
Guy de Chauliac (), also called Guido or Guigo de Cauliaco (c. 1300 – 25 July 1368), was a French physician and surgeon who wrote a lengthy and influential treatise on surgery in Latin, titled ''Chirurgia Magna''. It was translated into many other languages (including Middle English) and widely read by physicians in late medieval Europe.
==Life==
Guy de Chauliac was in born in Chaulhac, Lozère, France, into a family of modest means.〔Grant, Edward: ''A Source Book in Medieval Science'', page 816. Harvard University Press, 1974.〕 He began his study of medicine in Toulouse before going to study in Montpellier, the center for medical knowledge in 14th century Europe. He was in Paris between 1315 and 1320, and around 1325, he became a Master of Medicine and Surgery.〔Thevenet, Andre: "Guy de Chauliac (1300–1370): The Father of Surgery" ''Annals of Vascular Surgery'' Volume 7, Number 2, page 208〕 After receiving his degree, he went to Bologna to study anatomy under Nicola Bertuccio, from whom he may have learned surgical techniques. It is unknown whether de Chauliac applied his surgical studies and knowledge. Charles H. Talbot writes, "It was seemingly from books that () learned his surgery.... He may have used the knife when embalming the bodies of dead popes, but he was careful to avoid it on living patients".〔Lindberg, David C.: ''Science in the Middle Ages'', page 410. University of Chicago Press, 1978.〕 Others, including Thevenet, claim that Chauliac moved to Mende and then Lyons to practice medicine after learning the art of surgery from Bertuccio.〔
Chauliac's reputation as a physician grew quickly. He was invited to the Papal Court in Avignon, France, to serve as a personal physician to Pope Clement VI (1342–1352). He went on to become personal physician to Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362), and then to Pope Urban V (1362–1370). He died in Avignon in 1368. He completed his great treatise in 1363.
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